Thursday, August 27, 2020

Success in Social Commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Accomplishment in Social Commerce - Essay Example It is a reality notable around the globe that interpersonal interaction has accumulated a huge scope acknowledgment and use among the contemporary customers. However, there is no deficiency of organizations that have neglected to abuse the maximum capacity of the open doors accessible at the long range interpersonal communication locales like Facebook and to have the option to utilize them as feasible channels to connect with clients. In any case, on the opposite side there is no lack of organizations that demonstrate certain that social trade holds a colossal potential for the organizations that realize how to drain the business expected natural in the person to person communication destinations. The organizations that know with respect to how to abuse the huge volumes of unreservedly accessible information at the interpersonal interaction destinations that is self kept up consistently by the likely customers and can customize that information and the related entries to upgrade the general buyer experience could collect much as far as business achievement (Shen, 2012, p. 198). The Future of Social Commerce Though, the cynics will in general weep over the way that social trade comprises an insignificant division of the complete retail business, yet on the off chance that one passes by the progressing patterns, it would not be right to state that the social trade is extending at a pace that is a lot of quick when contrasted with the disconnected retail (Griffiths and Howard, 2008, p. 70). Social trade will undoubtedly grow and could be relied upon to fitting a significant piece of the retail business, considering the way that the contemporary customers are not just investing a more prominent energy in the cell phones and long range informal communication locales, however the proactive and inventive organizations are improving the open doors whereby the buyers could make buy on the person to person communication destinations (Griffiths and Howard, 2008). The long range interpersonal communication destinations like Twitter and Facebook are making it a lot simpler for the customer to take part in one-stop-shop understanding. Directly from the activity of buying and getting conveyed the presents for the friends and family to purchasing marked items from a brand’s Twitters hashtag post or its Facebook page, social trade is stretching out such chances to the traditional buyers that are without bother and simple to utilize, but on the other hand are joined by promptly accessible client surveys, pre buy help and after deal administrations. Social trade can possibly fuel purchaser deals by trim and channelizing their mutual intrigue and inclinations. It's anything but a miracle that regardless of the way that however the social trade today is being commanded by the online organizations like Amazon, Macy’s, Target and Apple, the internet shopping organizations like Beyond the Rack, HauteLook, and ShoeDazzle are expanding and upgrading their social business nearness. These organizations hold a solid and connecting with nearness at Twitter and Facebook. No big surprise taking part in social trade is a powerful and suitable way not exclusively to upgrade a businesses’ online nearness, yet in addition to convert into reasonable online deals. Additionally, social trade could likewise be adjusted and controlled to collect a lot of informal exposure. For example there is no deficiency of the purchasers who are eager to post a survey about a specific business, give they are offered a worthwhile and alluring arrangement. Social trade is a twofold edged blade with natural prospects and openings. By helping the buyers the organizations could assist themselves with developing and by enervating the purchasers

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Culture and Care Value Base free essay sample

In this task I will look at and clarify my very own qualities and standards impact my own work in proficient practice. I will contrast my standards and values and the Northern Ireland Social Care Council codes of training and the Care Value Base. The NISCC and the Care Value Base have numerous comparable codes of training which all wellbeing and social consideration specialists ought to follow by and work with. The qualities I feel that are applicable inside my experience of human services and inside my present position are privacy, nobility and regard, powerful correspondence, hostile to prejudicial practice and culture and convictions. In exploring NISCC codes of training and the Care Value Base, I have discovered that their qualities are additionally like my own qualities inside my consideration practice. The main worth I will talk about is privacy. As per the Care Value Base keeping up privacy of data is a significant piece of mindful. I will contrast my standards and values and the Northern Ireland Social Care Council codes of training and the Care Value Base. The NISCC and the Care Value Base have numerous comparative codes of training which all wellbeing and social consideration professionals ought to follow by and work with. The qualities I feel that are important inside my experience of human services and inside my present position are secrecy, poise and regard, compelling correspondence, against unfair practice and culture and convictions. In investigating NISCC codes of training and the Care Value Base, I have discovered that their qualities are likewise like my own qualities inside my consideration practice. The main worth I will talk about is classification. As indicated by the Care Value Base keeping up secrecy of data is a significant piece of mindful. Any data customers give is private and classified. People should know about what they state to different carers and customers and furthermore who approach customer records. Beforehand experiencing work involvement with the stroke ward I found that all patients’ clinical data is on a clipboard on the facade of their bed, anybody could peruse this data, I feel the patient’s classification is being penetrated. During my work arrangement at Ceara School, I saw that every understudy has singular consideration organizers inside school; these are kept in a protected filling bureau and just the individuals from staff who are taking care of a specific student is permitted get to, I feel this is excellent practice to maintain secrecy. Inside my situation I feel my qualities would be like the Care Value base, if an assistance client educated me regarding private data I would remain quiet about it to construct trust and certainty except if the individual or others were at hurt. The second worth that I feel is generally significant and applicable to my experience and work situation is compelling correspondence. As per NISCC, one of their codes of training is to correspondence in a proper, open, exact and direct way. Inside my work position you must have acknowledgment and regard of the pupil’s feelings and thoughts so they gain certainty inside you and be progressively agreeable to talk. You additionally need to talk deferentially and utilize a great deal of amusingness and inventiveness to keep them intrigued. All the time there are bunch discussions and furthermore balanced discussions, basic language is utilized that is handily comprehended and also open inquiries are applied to build up the discussion. With having past work involvement with Craigavon Area Hospital I have taken in the significance of correspondence. Numerous specialists utilized jargonistic terms, which can be difficult for patients to comprehend, I believe this to be incapable correspondence. I feel my qualities are practically identical to those of the Northern Ireland Social Care Council. I believe that my estimation of correspondence inside my work arrangement will go over decidedly. While in situation I cause the speaker to feel heard and comprehended, I try to make a domain where students have a sense of security to communicate thoughts assessments and emotions. I keep appropriate eye to eye connection and show enthusiasm for what is being said and sure my stance is open and welcoming. The Care Value Base considers that it is imperative to recognize a people individual convictions and character. The NISCC feel that particular assorted variety and various societies and qualities are extremely critical and can have broad effects on a people care. I went to a coordinated auxiliary school with numerous societies and religions. I participated in a multi-social day in school, I got the chance to see different networks and societies and what they had confidence in, this enlarged my perspectives and changed my assessments of various religions. While in Craigavon Area Hospital finishing work experience I discovered that dinners and supper times were significant in certain religions and culture. A few people were veggie lover; I must be entirely good of their way of life and character. They were provided with an alternate menu with various nourishments that they could pick this advances the privilege of decision and autonomy. Before my work position initiated I trusted that the representatives and students had a similar incentive as myself in light of various societies and are available to communicate their convictions and character and be glad for what their identity is. My next worth is critical in my consideration practice and that is maintained by NISCC and the Care Value Base is hostile to biased practice. Hostile to unfair practice is activity to forestall oppression individuals on the grounds of race, class, sexual orientation and inability. Hostile to biased practice advances equity by presenting against oppressive approaches in various circumstances of work. http://uk.ask.com/question/what-is-the-meaning of-hostile to prejudicial practice The Care Value Base depicts one of their qualities by advancing enemy of biased practice and to shield the person from misuse. There are numerous bits of enactment that are set up to shield people from separation including the Disability Act 1995, Human Rights Act, Equality Act 2010 and the Children (Northern Ireland) Order 1995. In my work position I will work in an enemy of prejudicial way, I won't segregate or judge the administration clients on their sexual orientation, race, class or handicap. I accept everybody is unique and we as a whole have rights set up to keep us from being victimized. While undertaking work involvement with Craigavon Area Hospital, impaired people were shielded from unfair practice, there were lifts and slopes so all wheel seats could get to the structure. There were wide and programmed entryways so wheel seats could get past them with no trouble, in spite of the fact that I feel this is awesome practice there was likewise awful practice inside the medical clinic. I consider people with various religions and dialects were victimized. There were no translators for various dialects in this way the patients didn’t recognize what had occurred or what was going to occur. I feel my qualities prevent those of the Care Value Base and I envision my qualities will go over decidedly inside my work arrangement. I feel my own way of life and experience has affected me from numerous points of view in supporting clients of administrations and others in wellbeing and social consideration settings. My folks have shown me since early on to state please and thank you and to be conscious to other people. I have grown up knowing these basic qualities and in this manner it has affected me to show pride and regard to all assistance clients. In spite of the fact that I am of a Catholic foundation and practice the Catholic confidence, I went to a coordinated grade school and optional school with a wide range of religions and societies. I currently have a comprehension of different societies inside wellbeing and socials care settings and I am ready to acknowledge different religions and their convictions. I accept this have affected my own way of life and experience. At the point when I was in elementary school, I met my closest companion, he was gay. My folks were very exhausted of this as they didn’t like the manner in which he dressed and acted. They went to the details of his sexual direction and acknowledged him; since I have had the benefit of meeting him it has permitted me to make me fully aware of every sexual appointment. When working and supporting clients of wellbeing and social consideration administration I wouldn’t mind what sexual appointment the administration client was, I would not oppress them. I would advance and maintain my qualities to shield them from hurt. As a matter of fact I realize numerous individuals have been segregated on as a result of their sex. A few people won't be picked for a specific activity since they are male/female. Administration clients are additionally decided on their sexual appointments, as of late in the news as per Poots, Northern Irelands Health Minister he said that every gay man are not permitted to give blood. I feel this sexual appointment is being victimized, it is awful practice and invalidates the point of enactment made to shield people from this occurrence. I will advance and maintain my qualities to shield people from being victimized. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-15014823 I figure a pedophile and a homicide would cause a hindrance in the consideration setting I am working in. I have grown up realizing that they are awful from family, companions and the media. This may influence and frustrate my work yet as I am currently mindful of this negative point I have to take a shot at this boundary. I can not make a suspicion until I work and get them, up to that point, I will do whatever it takes not to pass judgment on this gathering. New turns of events and changes to individual qualities can majorly affect working in the Health and Social Care area. Right off the bat another advancement of mine is beginning another course; I have met new individuals and became acquainted with them. Working in various practices can affect work in a consideration setting, association can be created and new abilities can be

Friday, August 21, 2020

Mailchimp is the Best Email Marketing Solution

Mailchimp is the Best Email Marketing Solution Whatever you do Blogging, managing online business no matter you must build a mailing list. Because your email list helps to grow your Blog or online business website rapidly. Every day we visit many website and even after few hours or days we forget about that website. But if your website visitors join in your email list then they will get notification through email and tend to visit your site again. You will understand how important list building from a simple example is. We visit many website and check it once or twice in a day. But we check our personal email 10 to 20 times in a day. So when subscribers receive an email then they prompt to visit your site again for any interesting topics. So email list building should give more priority for your Blog and online business. Best Practices for Building a List is to do so slowly and organically, because when subscriber subscribe to your email list then they will engage with your website or business closely. And for this you must keep sending awesome and relevant content weekly basis. And for sending email with relevant content you must use any newsletter service. Among various email marketing solution Mailchimp is the best for your Blog and Business. Why to choose Mailchimp? Mailchimp is most popular and widely using as email marketing solution. It has many distinctive features and incredibly sophisticated options, which convince you instantly. Easy to use Mailchimp is very easy to use even a new user will able to operate it proficiently. It contains many options which help you to deliver your digital assets to your subscriber. Mailchimp has multiple Signup form for list building and you can also customize according to your requirement. In email form users able to add logo, image groups, buttons, boxed text and much more. Readymade template for Email Mailchimp included many readymade email templates which can be use either directly or by customizing. Even you can create your own template by using their drag and drop features. Autoresponsder This is necessary for modern email marketing world. Autorespnder is Mailchimps powerful segment and scheduling tools. I think its bit complex for new users. Autoresponder works automation- An email or series of emails sent to a subscriber based on a trigger or event. For example- you can build a series of campaigns to send over a period of time. And after subscription Mailchimp will send the series of your campaign time to time- hours, days or weekly basis. However this is a paid service and to avail this service you must subscribe to their paid plan. But this is price competitive because you can either pay as you go, monthly and in a high volume plans. Integration with Website Mailchimp can be integrating with ease in almost all Blogging platforms. Mailchimp support wide ranges of third party sites, if your site dont support they you can easily add your opt-in form page URL and your site visitors can easily opt-in with it. You may think only WordPress and other major CMS site can use it, but trust me you can use it with your Google Blogger site also. Even in my site I am using this. Transferring mailing lists Mailchimp support to transfer email list from your old newsletter service provider. If you are Google Feedburner user then you can also transfer all active subscribers to Mailchimp with few clicks. First you have to Export the CSV file from Feedburner. Please visit the below URL and learn how to transfer subscriber from Feedburner. Recommended:How To Transfer Feedburner Subscriber By Exporting CSV File? After exporting the current subscriber please follow the below steps to import your mailing list to Mailchimp. Step 1 Log in to your Mailchimp account and click on Lists from top menu. Step 2 Now click Create List button from top right corner of the screen. An option will expend below and from there click Create List button again. Step 3 At this time you have to fill up a List details form. Here you can give a name on your list, and Default from email which email your subscriber receive. In addition little bit about your Company. Finally click on Save button from the bottom of the page. A success message will display Excellent! You have a brand new list. Step 4 Now you will instantly head to your new list page. From there click Manage subscribers link and from below click Import subscribers link. Step 5 Now you will see 3 options from there select CSV or tab-delimited text file and click Next button form bottom right corner of the screen. Step 6 And in Import from CSF file page click Browse button and select CSV file which you have export from Google Feedburner account. And put tick to Mailchimps terms and services. Click Next button from bottom right corner of the screen to proceed to the next level. Step 7 Now import subscribers page will appear. From there under Column name select Email Address by using Dropdown option and click Save button. After that click Skip all text link and click Next button to finish. Step 8 You are all set to import your subscriber from Google feedburner. Finally click Import button from bottom right corner of the screen. Instantly you will see a success message that Your import is complete! To see the imported subscriber list please refresh the page. Please do not import any inactive subscriber from feedburner. You can import subscriber who hasnt activate the subscription in feedburner but when you try to send them email form Mailchimp then they will block your account. Thats all about transferring subscriber form Google feedburner to Mailchimp. I hope this tutorial will help you to understand the total transferring procedure. Support from Mailchimp Mailchimp have different subscription plan. But for free subscriber they dont have much support. But Mailchimp offer direct chat and email support to paid users. Free plan users will receive latest subscriber information. And weekly tutorial email for operating the Mailchimp. Acceptable use policy Mailchimp has some accepatable use policy where they have implemented some restriction about delivering content. Any kinds of illegal goods and services you cant deliver through Mailchimp. Even affiliate marketing also prohibited by Mailchimp. Support A/B Testing Campaigns If you are running multiple campaigns under your Mailchimp account then you can compare the performance of two different campaigns. This is called A/B testing, in Mailchimp you can choose to test subject line or content and compare results to find out what exactly works and what doesnt. Cost for using Mailchimp Mailchamp has 3 subscription plans such as Starting Up, Growing Business and Pro Marketer. As a beginner you can use their Starting Up plan which is free forever. By Free plan you can collect 2,000 subscribers and 12,000 emails can deliver per month. If you required more then you must switch to Growing Business or Pro Marketer Plan. How to Register with Mailchimp? This is the initial process to use Mailchimp services. Without registration you wont able to use their services. To register with Mailchimp please visit the below steps- Step 1 Please visit http://mailchimp.com/ and click Sign Up Free button from top right corner of the screen. Step 2 Now Write your Email address Username and Password, after that click Create My Account button from below. Step 3 Your signup confirmation you must proof that you are a human. So solve the reCAPTCHA and click Confirm Signup button. Step 4 Instantly a verification email will go into your email inbox. Just open the email and click on verification link. Thats it your Mailchimp account is now ready to use. From my point of view first use their free plan and after collecting 2000 email subscriber then you can think to switch to their Paid Plan. And my suggestion to Blogger platform users, believe me you can use Mailchimp easily with your Blogger site and this is not very complex to operate. If you need any further help to use Mailchimp then feel free to write me. Thank you.

Monday, May 25, 2020

Discover Family History With Probate Records and Wills

Some of the most genealogically-rich documents on an individual are actually created following their death. While many of us actively search for an ancestors obituary or tombstone, however, we often overlook probate records - a big mistake! Generally well-documented, accurate, and packed with numerous details, probate records can often provide answers to many stubborn genealogical problems. Probate documents, in general terms, are records created by a court after an individuals death that relate to the distribution of his or her estate. If the individual left a will (known as testate), then the purpose of the probate process was to document its validity and see that it was carried out by the executor named in the will. In cases where an individual did not leave a will (known as intestate), then probate was used to appoint an administrator or administratrix to determine the distribution of assets according to formulas set by the laws of the jurisdiction. What You May Find in a Probate File Probate packets or files may include any of the following, depending upon the jurisdiction and time period: willsestate inventories, or lists of assetsappointments of executors or administratorsadministrations, or documentation of the distribution of assetspetitions for guardianship of minor childrenlists of heirslists of creditors or accounts of debts ...and other records considered to be important to the settlement of an estate. Understanding the Probate Process While laws governing the probate of a deceaseds estate have varied according to time period and jurisdiction, the probate process usually follows a basic process: An heir, creditor, or other interested party initiated the probate process by presenting a will for the deceased (if applicable) and petitioning the court for the right to settle an estate. This petition was usually filed with the court that served the area where the deceased owned property or last resided.If the individual left a will, it was presented to the court along with testimony of witnesses as to its authenticity. If accepted by the probate court, a copy of the will was then recorded in a will book maintained by the clerk of court. The original will was often retained by the court and added to other documents pertaining to the settlement of the estate to create a probate packet.If a will designated a particular individual, then the court formally appointed that person to serve as executor or executrix  of the estate and authorized him or her to proceed by issuing letters testamentary. If there was no will, then the court appointed an administrator or administratrix - usual ly a relative, heir, or close friend - to oversee the estates settlement by issuing letters administration.In many cases, the court required the administrator (and sometimes the executor) to post a bond to ensure that he would properly complete his duties. One or more people, often family members, were required to co-sign the bond as sureties.An inventory of the estate was conducted, usually by people with no claim to the property, culminating in a list of property - from land and buildings down to teaspoons and chamber pots!Potential beneficiaries named in the will were identified and contacted. Notices were published in area newspapers to reach anyone who might have claims on or obligations to the deceaseds estate.Once bills and other outstanding obligations on the estate were met, the estate was formally divided and distributed among the heirs. Receipts are signed by anyone receiving a portion of the estate.A final statement of account was presented to the probate court, which th en ruled the estate as closed. The probate packet was then filed in the records of the court. What You Can Learn From Probate Records Probate records provide a rich resource of genealogical and even personal information about an ancestor which can often lead to still other records, such as  land records.Probate records almost always include: Full nameDate and place of  death Probate records may also include: Marital StatusName of spouseNames of children (and possibly birth order)Names of childrens spouses of married daughtersNames of grandchildrenRelationships between family membersClues to the  trade or occupation  of your ancestorCitizenshipResidences of your ancestor and living descendantsLocations (and descriptions) where your ancestor owned propertyFeelings of your ancestor toward family membersClues to the deaths of other family membersClues to adoptions or guardianshipsInventory of items owned by the deceasedClues to your ancestors economic standing (e.g. debts, property)Your ancestors signature How to Find Probate Records Probate records can usually be found in the  local courthouse  (county, district, etc.) that presided over the area where your ancestor died. Older probate records may have been moved from the local courthouse to a larger regional facility, such as a state or provincial archives. Contact the clerks office of the court where the person resided at the time of death for information on the location of probate records for the time period in which you are interested.

Thursday, May 14, 2020

Marketing Analysis Buy Space On Chicago Art Institute...

PR: Media Event: Buy space in Chicago Art Institute museum to place big white wings people can make photo with. One of the feathers will have the name of the brand in pink. There also will be a sign by this exhibit â€Å"when angels grow up† and a QR code to find out about famous works of art with angels and a map how to get there. For one weekend the entrance to the museum will be free for everyone. There will be a special platform with seats where an important woman from the company, CEO (35+), will speak about the success of the brand and talk about the advantages of wearing VS, answering any questions, and promoting the idea that women should never stop trying to look beautiful and VS knows how to help them with this task. Different reporters from local media will be contacted and invited for the event, so that they can write about it, promoting the idea of beauty at any ages. News Release: A news release will be sent to all major media channels, including TV and radio, to talk about the media event, to play recordings of the CEO speech. There will be special body care products (one-man product, one-woman product, because we don’t know exactly who will get our message) with every news release that is sent to media, so journalists will feel better about the brand and more willing to add our information to their platforms. Celebrity: Order a song from a top-rated 35+ celebrity (Like Beyoncà ©, Madonna) that will contain a phrase about Victoria’s Secret. This will help toShow MoreRelatedJazz Albums as Art Essay4662 Words   |  19 PagesJazz Albums as Art In the Process of Completing Research for This Issue, I Realized That What I Want to Say May Be Divided into Two Sections. 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B) It can help create jobs in the economy by increasing demand for goods and services. C) It helps to build a loyal customer base but has no impact on a firms intangible assets. D) It is more important for bigger organizations than smaller ones. E) It is seldom used by nonprofitRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pages Strategic Marketing Management Dedication This book is dedicated to the authors’ wives – Gillian and Rosie – and to Ben Gilligan for their support while it was being written. Acknowledgements Our thanks go to Janice Nunn for all the effort that she put in to the preparation of the manuscript. Strategic Marketing Management Planning, implementation and control Third edition Richard M.S. 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Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Should The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn Be Banned

Should The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn be banned? Since the early ages of literature, there have been works of literature that have been considered controversial because of the content, as some believe they are offensive or inappropriate. Works such as Martin Luther s 95 Theses and The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger are just two works of literature that have sparked major controversy. One of the most controversial works of American literature is The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn written by Mark Twain and eventually published in 1885. The novel expresses major points of that controversial time period that many people take offense to. One problem that people have had for years about Huck Finn is whether or not to allow this novel to be taught in the English Language Arts curriculum. People included in a grade nine through twelve grade are taught by the use of the ELA curriculum. The groundbreaking themes of Huck Finn, outweigh the reasons why people believe it should be banned, making it an essential read in American literatur e. There are parts of the novel that should not be read by young children, such the use of the word nigger, how Huck saves a black man, Huck’s lack of maturity, and Huck’s fraudulent schemes require a certain amount of maturity that is not possessed by middle school students. Therefore, the teaching of this novel should be restricted to ninth grade as the minimum age to read this novel in an English classroom. One reason that TheShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Should NOT Be Banned2973 Words   |  12 Pages Many books around the world have been banned because they are offensive. One example is Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, a novel about the journey of a thirteen-year-old boy named Huck, who fabricates his own death to run away with an escaped slave named Jim. The two voyage in a raft along the Mississippi River to gain their individual freedom. In addition, Huck gains a new understanding about humanity. Huck Finn has been creating great controversy on both sides of the argument:Read MoreEssay on Why The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Should Not Be Banned695 Words   |  3 Pages The decision to ban the novel Huckleberry Finn from classrooms and libraries has been an ongoing controversy. The presence of the n word and the treatment towards Jim, and other blacks in general, has made many readers uncomfortable. Despite this fact, Hu ckleberry Finn has been and remains a classic read. I do not believe the novel should be banned or sanitized because it is a part of American history whether it is good or bad, also we have no right to change someones writing simply because weRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesJhonatan Zambrano Mrs. Patmor AP Lit-Period 5 28 September 2016 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 1835 Mark Twain embodies realism in almost every aspect of his writing not excluding The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which in he portrays such a lifelike setting that it almost gives you this sense of reality through the point of view of a young man that has an urge for freedom yet struggles to conform to society s norms due to his adolescence. Twain s ability to unmask the true identities of theRead MoreThe Banning of Texts Such as Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay1047 Words   |  5 Pagesare banned or challenged due to the fact that these figures do not approve of their content. One of the most common things banned and or challenged is that of written text. One such text is, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. It has been banned in Concord, Massachusetts on the basis of â€Å"it being more suited to the slums than to intelligent respectable people† (Banned 1) and the overall vulgarity of the text. Because of vulgarity and seemingly unintelligent writing, The Adventures of Hu ckleberry FinnRead MoreHuckleberry Finn Should Not Be Banned1404 Words   |  6 PagesWhy The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Should Not Be Banned â€Å"Banning books gives us silence when we need speech. It closes our ears when we need to listen. It makes us blind when we need sight,† Stephen Chbosky. Books open up people’s minds to new ideas and allow people to the world in a new light. Banning books only makes one want to read those books more- to learn and poder over the controversial issues. One controversially banned novel is the The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. This book whileRead MoreHuckleberry Finn Should Be Banned Essay1603 Words   |  7 Pageshad problems with The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn shortly after being published. Huckleberry Finn was first published in January of 1885 and only two months later in March of 1885 the book was banned. The problem first with the book was it was too friendly toward African Americans and believed to lead children astray from certain values. Now over 100 years later â€Å"Huckleberry Finn is still making news† (Pitts). Now in the 21th century we have a problem with Huckleberry Finn not because of kindnessRead MoreHuckleberry Finn Persuasive Essay1571 Words   |  7 Pageslarge matter- ‘tis the difference between the lightning bug and lightning.†(Mark Twain). Mark Twain, the author of an extraordinary yet controversial novel; The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn had a great way of capturing moments in time and bringing them to life through the use of meaningful and direct diction. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has been a vexed novel for it s a use of the â€Å"N-word†. However, many scholars and associations have devised a â€Å"solution† for this problem such as, completelyRead MoreBanning The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn written by Mark Twain in Schools1030 Words   |  5 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn written by Mark Twain might seem like a good book to have high school students read since it’s about a boy named Huckleberry Finn and his adventures through his life by dealing with the struggles that he has or when he finds a runaway slave, named Jim, who is on an island trying to stay hidden so he will not be sold as a slave. Throughout the novel the reader will see that Huck has an adventurous personality, comes to find out who is father is and tries to helpRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1542 Words   |  7 Pages Over the last 130 years â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† has been called everything from a piece of trash to a national treasure. Mark Twain, whose real name is Samuel Clemens wrote â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.† Only one month after it was published, librarians in Concord, Massachusetts had it banned. â€Å"He has had his problems with librarians from the start when, in 1885, â€Å"those moral-ice-bergs,† the Library Committee of Concord−symbolic seat of freedom−pronounced the book rough, coarseRead MoreHuckleberry Finn and the use of Satire Essay1109 Words   |  5 Pages Huck Finn and the use of Satire Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has been controversial ever since its release in 1884. It has been called everything from the root of modern American literature to a piece of racist trash. Many scholars have argued about Huck Finn being prejudiced. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain uses satire to mock many different aspects of the modern world. Despite the fact that many critics have accused Mark Twain’s novel of promoting racism

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Training and Development Program and Benefits †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Training and Development Program and Benefits. Answer: The group members would meet after every two months to develop and learn new skills that could add to their personality and make them an all rounded professional. The members of the group are required to be present on time and any delay could have severe consequences. If some emergency comes up, the members must inform the training manager so that the meeting could either be rescheduled or adjusted accordingly. The members must not try to offend the other members by their behavior and conduct and must show respect to their team members. Communication Strategies The communication strategy would be developed and created by the training manager. The training manager would be responsible to plan and develop a training and development program for the group members. After thorough research, it was evaluated that role play could be the best activity for the employees, which is likely to enhance their communication skills, public speaking skills and overall personality. A role play could involve several activities including working collaboratively with co-workers, handling disgruntled customers, conducting interviews, employee assessment and many more activities. Role would trigger the critical thinking aspect of the employees that would also help them to develop their problem solving skills. Following are the activities that could be used to enhance the skills and abilities of the group members. The group members must be equipped with the manners and etiquettes of working within a team. They should be able to positively interact with the other members in an organization (Dyer, 2007). This is required because an organization is likely to be encountered with issues and errors and the entire team must work collectively to work towards a common goal and resolve the problem (Barrick et al, 2007). The group members would be given a role of manager, team leader and executives who work within an organization. They would be handled an issue that is being faced by the organization for which they would have to make collective efforts to resolve it. For instance, one of the group members is manager, one is team leader and the other two executives. Now there happens to be an error within one of the project work that the team was handling for the past six months. All of the four members have gathered to resolve the issue collectively. The members would be able to learn how to tackle a critical situation calmly and patiently without offending the other team members of the group (Jehanzeb and Bashir, 2013)). One of the most difficult tasks of an organization is handling the angry customers especially those customers who have been unsatisfied with the services of the firm (Gruber, 2011). The activity would give the members to a real time problem and help them to realize their true potential. The team members would be designated the role of manager, customer care and customer who work for an organization. The task would be to handle one of the unsatisfied customers who have had very terrible experience with the companys products. The customer has called the customer care team to show his dissatisfaction with the services of the company. The customer care is now required to handle this angry customer who would off course be yelling at him. The customer service team must handle this critical issue very effectively by first of all calming down the customer and then offering him some offer or complimentary services (McColl-Kennedy, Sparks and Nguyen, 2011). The customer service team must under stand when to pitch in their manager if the situation is out of control. Interview is an integral part of an employees professional life. Every professional consistently prepares himself/herself for the interview by learning the latest industry trends. Interview involves several activities including curriculum vitae, formal dress up and preparing for questions. Thus, interview session would be conducted to prepare the team members with the latest industry trends. They would also learn how they should handle critical questions that are being asked by the HR to confuse the interviewee (Cumming and Worley, 2014). Apart from this, the activity would prepare the candidates to conduct interviews by interviewing each other. One of the members (leader) would be appointed as an HR of a company and would ask questions from the other team members. Giving Employee Evaluation Employee evaluation is an integral component of an organization that needs to be handled very effectively otherwise it could affect performance of an individual (Macwan and Sajja, 2014). A manager must be able to give evaluation of an employee without offending or hurting his sentiments. The role of the manager is to provide a direction to the employees by setting goals and objectives for tenure (Shields, 2015). The goal must be realistic and should be able to arouse a sense of common purpose among the individuals (Griffin and Moorhead, 2011). Thus, a manager must be able to evaluate the past performance of an individual so that he/she can hand him over future responsibilities that would boost his/her performance and would ultimately increase the productivity of the organization. Thus, a scenario would be created for the group members wherein they would be working for a fictitious organization and would be given the designation of manager and executives. The manager would be briefed about each and every employees performance so that he can present their evaluation. Further, the manager would also be responsible for developing goals and objectives for the organization and give a presentation in front of the other group members. Thus, the activity would give a real time experience to the group members by giving them exposure to a scenario (Aguinis and Kraiger, 2009)). The manager would be able to learn goal setting and presenting it to the employees. He would also be able to learn how to present the weaknesses and strengths of an employee without offending him/her. One of the team members would be appointed as the group leader who would actively handle all the group activities ranging from setting schedule to time table. The leader would also be responsible for making arrangements for the activity. The leader appointed would be responsible, detail oriented and would have effective communication skills so that he can convey the message to all the team members (Northouse, 2012). Process for Identifying and Dealing with Conflict Conflict Resolution Process Conflict is likely to arise within a group due to different thinking process of individuals. Conflict occurs due to clash of ideas and thoughts within a group. Conflict is considered healthy for a group but needs to be handled effectively so as to not waste energy, time and other resources of the organization (Tjosvold, 2008). There would be times when tension would arise within the group due to clash of opinion. During the meeting, the people may enter into debate and argument regarding the activities to be conducted. Since every member is looking forward for his/her personal gain due to which he/she is likely to enter into an argument. There could be clash regarding the distribution of roles in the activities conducted and every member would want to play the role of manager (Behfar et al, 2008). In order to prevent this conflict, the team leader could step up and make everyone understand that ever group member would get a fair chance to demonstrate his/her potential strengths and s kills. Each and every member would be able to play the role of manager through different activities. This would prevent the conflict by satisfying the other group members and also giving them a fair chance to play each and every role. There are overall four activities that would be conducted for the group. Every activity would be conducted after a time interval of one month so that the members get some time to learn from the previous activity. The first activity is Working Collaboratively With Coworkers that would be conducted to make the members understand the true potential of team work. The second activity is Handling Disgruntled Customers that would be conducted 30 days after the first activity. The third activity is Conducting Interview that would also be conducted after a months duration after second activity. The fourth activity Employee Evaluation would be conducted 30 days after the third activity. Activity 1 Working Collaboratively With Coworkers Day 1 Activity 2 Handling Disgruntled Customers Day 31 Activity 3 Conducting Interview Day 61 Activity 4 Employee Evaluation Day 91 References Aguinis, H. and Kraiger, K. (2009). Benefits of training and development for individuals and teams, organizations, and society.Annual review of psychology,60, pp.451-474. Barrick, M.R., Bradley, B.H., Kristof-Brown, A.L. and Colbert, A.E., 2007. The moderating role of top management team interdependence: Implications for real teams and working groups.Academy of Management Journal,50(3), pp.544-557. Behfar, K.J., Peterson, R.S., Mannix, E.A. and Trochim, W.M. (2008). The critical role of conflict resolution in teams: a close look at the links between conflict type, conflict management strategies, and team outcomes.Journal of applied psychology,93(1), p.170. Cummings, T.G. and Worley, C.G. (2014).Organization development and change. Boston: Cengage learning. Dyer, W.G. (2007).Team building. US: John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Griffin, R. and Moorhead, G. (2011).Organizational behavior. Ontario: Nelson Education. Gruber, T. (2011). I want to believe they really care: How complaining customers want to be treated by frontline employees.Journal of Service Management,22(1), pp.85-110. Jehanzeb, K. and Bashir, N.A. (2013). Training and development program and its benefits to employee and organization: A conceptual study.Training and Development,5(2). Macwan, N. and Sajja, P.S. (2014). A Linguistic Fuzzy Approach for Employee Evaluation.International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering. McColl-Kennedy, J.R., Sparks, B.A. and Nguyen, D.T., 2011. Customer's angry voice: Targeting employees or the organization?.Journal of Business Research,64(7), pp.707-713. Northouse, P.G. (2012).Leadership: Theory and practice. California: Sage. Shields, J., Brown, M., Kaine, S., Dolle-Samuel, C., North-Samardzic, A., McLean, P., Johns, R., Robinson, J., O'Leary, P. and Plimmer, G. (2015). Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. Cambridge University Press. Tjosvold, D. (2008). The conflict?positive organization: It depends upon us.Journal of Organizational Behavior,29(1), pp.19-28.

Monday, March 9, 2020

A Passage to India Questions for Study and Discussion

A Passage to India Questions for Study and Discussion A Passage to India  (1924) is a highly-acclaimed novel by English author E. M. Forster set in India during the Indian independence movement. The story is based on Forsters personal experiences in India, and tells the story of an Indian man wrongfully accused of assaulting an English woman. A Passage to India depicts the racism and social prejudices that existed in India while it was under British rule. The novels title is taken from the Walt Whitman poem of the same name, which was part of Whitmans 1870 poetry collection Leaves of Grass. Here are a few questions for study and discussion, related to A Passage to India: What is important about the books title? Why is it significant that Forster chose this particular Walt Whitman poem as the novels title?   What are the conflicts in A Passage to India? What types of conflict (physical, moral, intellectual, or emotional) are in this novel? How does E.M. Forster reveal character in A Passage to India? What is the symbolic meaning of the caves where the incident with Adela takes place? How would you describe the central character of Aziz?   What changes does Aziz undergo over the course of the story? Is his evolution believable? What is Fieldings true motivation for helping Aziz? Is he consistent in his actions? How are the female characters in A Passage to India portrayed? Was this depiction of women a conscious choice by Forster?   Does the story end the way you expected? Do you consider it a happy ending?   Compare the society and politics of the India of Forsters time to the India of today. What has changed? What is different? How essential is the setting to the story? Could the story have taken place anywhere else? In any other time? This is just one part of our  study  guide  series on A Passage to India. Please see the links below for additional helpful resources. Book Review: A Passage to India ReviewQuotesTerms / Vocabulary

Saturday, February 22, 2020

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 162

Summary - Essay Example The author contends that historically, America’s supposed invasion and liberation of countries such as Philippines and Iraq often culminates to unsatisfactory outcomes. America’s attempts at creating overseas empires through the use of force have always been catastrophic as witnessed by the Spanish-American war. These attempts have always resulted in the creation of anti-American backlash that threatens the country’s security. The Bush administration scorned international institutions and the idea of a community of power, an approach taken by former President Wilson Woodrow. The administration’s invasion of Iraq bore resemblance to previous invasion attempts of Philippines in 1900, Mexico 1913, and South Vietnam in 1961. Bush’s Administration disregard for the country’s historical experiences in the aforementioned countries resulted to generate anti-America backlash and awaken a rather dormant Iraqi nationalism. The administration’s â €˜war on terror’ saw the country engage itself in a bloody occupation of Iraq. It also served to fuel the stereotypical view of America as the perceived ‘savior’ of the world. This served to enable new recruits along enemy lines. The September 11 2001 attack carried by Al-Qaeda on the US was carried out by 19 persons of non-US nationality via four hijacked US commercial passenger jets in Newark, Boston, and Washington (Murphy 239). The hijacked aircrafts were crashed into the World trade Center in New York, the Pennsylvania countryside, and the Pentagon in Northern Virginia. The nineteen hijackers had worked as a single, integrated group for a period of eighteen months. The six leaders of the group were well educated and trained as pilot having entered the US earlier than the rest of the group. The others were younger and less educated and served to control passengers on the plane. The group was authorized and funded by Osama bin Laden, a Saudi Expatriate based in Afghanistan working through his

Wednesday, February 5, 2020

Personal statement for university approval Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

For university approval - Personal Statement Example ering developed from the position of mechanical trainee at Qatar Petroleum and also at Qatar Petrochemical Company as mechanical technician subsequently. The diploma in mechanical engineering which I acquired from Bradford College enabled me to get a promotion. The position is from mechanical technician to mechanical specialist as I was now able fully to understand the technicality of the rotating section in the company. The enhancement was further made by attaining a position in bagging and logistic area after attaining a degree in mechanical engineering from North Umbria University for two years. It is my inclination to gain more skills and hopefully secure high rank in my employment in the oil industry by completing the degree course in mechanical engineering which I had already started. The reason to this is that the course provides more relevance in the whole process in the oil industry from rotational section to logistics

Tuesday, January 28, 2020

Crushing Plant in Ethiopia Essay Example for Free

Crushing Plant in Ethiopia Essay It is reported that DSMAC mobile crusher for Ethiopia was installed and debugged successfully last week. The Philippines customer uses this mobile crusher for crushing construction waste, and after installation the customer sent DSMAC technicist local specialities to express appreciation. At the beginning of January 2013, the whole set of mobile crusher with capacity of 100tph was completed from DSMAC production base in Jinzhai Town, Xingyang City. The after-sale service engineer Mr. Jin and Mr. Ren was sent to Ethiopia being in charge of the installation and debugging. When the equipment was operating at the working site, the customer called DSMAC to praise the two engineers’dedicated attitude and sent some local specialities to Mr. Jin and Mr. Ren. With the development of urbanization, the city reconstruction is going on. There are a lot of construction waste piled at the same time. It not only occupies land resource, but also brings pollution for environment. However, construction waste is not just the waste, but an effective and recycling resource if used properly. The recycled construction waste can be used as coarse or fine aggregate, which is the substitution for natural aggregate for making concrete, road base material and bricks, and so on. In this process, the choose of crushing equipment plays a critical role. [pic] DSMAC Mobile Crusher for Construction Waste Crushing Plant In DSMAC, the mobile crusher can be divided into mobile jaw crusher, mobile cone crusher, mobile impact crusher, mobile VSI crusher, mobile screening plant, MP portable crawler crusher, etc. The mobile crusher can be easily moved to any position in the work site without the limitation of topographic condition. At the same time, it is controlled by wireless remote manipulation, and easier to be driven to the trailer, saving much time. The crushed aggregate can be divided into the following types: 1, 0mm to 2.5mm aggregate, used in mortar for plastering wall. 2, 0mm to 4.5mm aggregate, used in mortar for brick making. 3, 2.5/4.5mm to 10mm aggregate, used for brick raw material. 4, 10mm to 32mm aggregate, used for road construction material. 5, above 32mm aggregate, sent back into crusher for further crushing. The mobile crusher is the effective crushing equipment for construction waste disposition. Looking back the production of mobile crusher for Ethiopia, it is related closely with salesman’s striving, technical section’s supporting, workman’s overtime working, etc. Under these employee’s joint effort, there will be more advanced crushing equipment and all-around service for customers. More information about DSMAC is available at http://www.dscrushers.com Contact Information

Monday, January 20, 2020

Love and Selfishness in Love in L.A. by Dagoberto Gilb Essay -- Love i

Love and Selfishness in  Love in L.A. by Dagoberto Gilb    "Love in L.A.," written by Dagoberto Gilb, is a story full of irony and multiple themes. The story is set in Hollywood during the summer time. Written in third person objective, "Love in L.A." guides the reader along through the story as opposed to an omniscient point of view.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The story begins with Jake driving on the freeway. He is so enraptured by his daydream of better possibilities that he ends up smacking the car ahead of him. Jake considers driving away but instead he stops and finds out that the owner of the Toyota he hit was a beautiful girl. From there, Jake switches into his smooth talker role with Mariana. Jake then tries to con her by saying he doesn't have any insurance and assures her that he will pay for it. As he drives away, he sees Mariana behind him writing down the license plate numbers that he stole from another car.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The main characters in this story are Jake and Mariana. Jake is a stagnant and flat character. Throughout the story, he shows himself as a somewhat lazy and rather overly conceited kind of guy. When Gilb describes how Jake, "considered driving past the Toyota." and how, "he considered giving a real phone number but went against that idea and made one up," it gives the reader a sense of how sleazy Jake is. In the end, he has not changed but yet seems even worse and more like a con artist. Mariana is more of an enigma then Jake since the author does not go into great detail about her, there is little characterization to go on. Generally, Mariana is a stagnant character because she is a normal girl with the same suspicious tendencies as most other human beings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "Love in L.A." contains many symbols ... ...d Russel Crowe, the couple get together and break up numerous times simply because of their mutual fear of intimacy and commitment. Another worthy example of this fear of engagement is the 1999 movie Love Stinks, starring French Stewart and Bill Bellamy. French Stewart's girlfriend demands that he marry her but he refuses to do so. This is obviously due to his definite fear of closeness and commitment. Another attribute of human nature, displayed in this story, is the tendency to be selfish. When people try to evade taxes, it is because they want all their money for themselves and thus are acting avaricious. Another example of this is when people do not donate to charity. This shows an abundance of stinginess as well as greed. Essentially, "Love in L.A." addresses two main inherent qualities of human beings, the want for love and the constant capacity to be selfish.

Sunday, January 12, 2020

My Tuesday with Morrie Essay

Life is a class, from the day we came to the day we leave. In this class, we learn to learn, learn to live, learn to accept relationships, learn to face death, and learn to adapt to this long and fancy journey of life. Since our childhood, we constantly wonder what our futures will be. Our future life style, future career, the coming deterioration of our body functions and even death, are all in blur that whenever we think of them, we will be occupied by fear. Sometimes, we cannot help but ask: what is the feeling of death? Where will we go after we die? It is always hard for us to be easy with death because we fear it. Therefore, we rush to work hard to get what we desire within the short span of life. However, it is a pathetic fact that we are sometimes blinded and lose what we really need when pursuing what we â€Å"desire†. Even worse, we will not realize it until we are about to die. Tuesday with Morrie can help us realize it before hand. My Encounter with Tuesday with Morrie I am really grateful for this course and Miss Yang. Thank you for giving me a chance to read Tuesday with Morrie, a book that enlightened me in understanding the meaning of life. I am the same kind of people as Mitch Albom, who is always occupied by work and spare no time in other parts of life. When I was reading this book on every Thursday, I put myself in Mitch’s position. The Abstract of the Story Tuesday with Morrie tells a real story about an old professor, Morrie  Schwartz, who had been gradually paralyzed by ALS and was about to die. His student, Mitch Albom, accidently saw his professor being interviewed in the television. Shocked by the upcoming death of his dear professor, Mitch went to meet Morrie in order to grasp some time to say goodbye to the professor who inspired him during college. During the last three months, no matter how busy Mitch was, he would went to see Morrie on Tuesdays to attend Morrie’s lessons about the meanings of life. They talked a lot ranging from death, love, marriage to culture etc. Inspired by the lesson, Mitch realized that love dwarfs all the fame and fortune. Luckily, he successfully saved a precious relationship. Three Kinds of Attitudes towards Life Life is the same process for everyone which stars from birth, living to death. However, everyone has his own particular understanding of life. In my opinion, most of the attitudes towards life can be divided into three main categories. Those who have monotonous and dull lives conceive life as a process of birth, eating, drinking, sleeping, getting married, growing old and finally going to the heaven, which is apparently meaningless. The second type views life as a trade. Their theme of life is what they can obtain from life. Their spontaneous reaction to any new experience is bound to be: what it worth to me? In the world built on this kind of attitude, happiness turns out to be a competition. Most people in the modern world are living with this life style where competition and efficiency dwarf everything. The third kind of attitude expresses a theme: what I can bring into life. Their objective is to bring others happiness, which eventually will bring happiness to themselves. I admit that I am in the second category. Tuesday with Morrie taught me how to move into the third. Cherish What You Own at the Present. In Tuesday with Morrie, Professor urged us to remember a philosophy: â€Å"If you’re always battling against getting older, you’re always going to be unhappy, because it will happen anyhow.† Since we cannot reject it, why don’t we just ignore it and cherish what we have right now? We should enjoy every stage of our lives. When we are kids, we should enjoy playing and being an innocent kid. When we are adults, we should enjoy working hard,  giving out, embracing love and being an enthusiastic adult. When we are old, we should enjoy the peace of life and being an experienced yet calm old man or woman. As long as we accept who we are right now and learn to enjoy it, every stage is meaningful and wonderful for us. Many of us skip other processes lying in the middle but only see the very end of life and therefore rush every day to try to obtain more, more and more. This is not living. Realize What We Need In the modern world, there are innumerable people like Mitch, who was always occupied by his work, by his pursuing of fame and fortune. Though I am still a student, I have already been trapped in this kind of life style, too. Due to the countless homework and researches, I barely have time to have fun with friends or care for my families. I can obtain all I desire but I seldom feel quite happy. I was confused and could not find a way out. Morrie helped me. He said that when you learn how to die, you learn how to live. Death is a wake-up call for all of us. When faced with death, all the fortune and fame, those we desire and fight for in our whole life, become useless. There was an experiment carried out among students. They were given five stuffs, including a box of matches, a Channel perfume, an LV bag, a Benz car and a big house. Everyone was given a few million dollars and they could buy whatever they want. The result shows no one ever chose to buy the matches. However, when the professor assumed that the students were in a deserted island, all the students bought the matches. It is obviously that, compared with a box of matches, those luxuries are of no use in the deserted island. Matches can start fire to warm, to cook and to make signals. That was what they need. Nowadays, people are hard to be satisfied because they are always pursuing things much more than they actually need. If we can learn lessons from Morrie’s death or the students’ realization in the experiment, we can figure out how much we have already owned and suddenly we can get away from the depression of the constant struggle for more and start to enjoy living itself. It is a pity that the modern world encourages the second type of life style I mentioned above. A set pattern designed by the society forces us to struggle  for colleges, exams, promotions, money, marriages, houses and cars etc. It seems every one takes it for granted and has been accustomed to it. We lost our judgment. Morrie, as a man dying soon, told us that wealth could not buy happiness and contentment. Life should not have been that hard. My Changes after Reading the Book When Morrie asked Mitch to drop by every Tuesday, Mitch hesitated and said he might not be able to because he was so busy. However, he made it. After reading Morrie’s fourteen lessons on the meaning of life, I decided to learn from both Morrie and Mitch. I have to abandon my forever excuse: I am so occupied and I have no time. I started calling my parents and my sister regularly and occasionally went out with friends, as well as doing some charity works. Amazingly, it suddenly occurred to me that I am a human, a living human. Though it is hard to suddenly change from type two person to type three, who can live as wisely as Morrie, I am working on it and I am making progress.

Saturday, January 4, 2020

The Invention of Paper Money

Paper money is an invention of the Song Dynasty in China in the 11th century CE, nearly 20 centuries after the earliest known use of metal coins. While paper money was certainly easier to carry in large amounts, using paper money had its risks: counterfeiting and inflation. Earliest Money The earliest known form of money is also from China, a cast copper coin from the 11th century BCE, which was found in a Shang Dynasty tomb in China.  Metal coins, whether made from copper, silver, gold, or other metals, have been used across the globe as units of trade and value.  They have advantages—they are durable, difficult to counterfeit, and they hold intrinsic value.  The big disadvantage?  If you have very many of them, they get heavy. For a couple thousand years after the coins were buried in that Shang tomb, however, merchants, traders, and customers in China had to put up with carrying coins, or with bartering goods for other goods directly.  Copper coins were designed with square holes in the middle so that they could be carried on a string.  For large transactions, traders calculated the price as the number of coin strings.  It was workable, but an unwieldy system at best. Paper Money Takes the Load Off During the Tang Dynasty (618–907 CE), however, merchants began to leave those heavy strings of coins with a trustworthy agent, who would record how much money the merchant had on deposit on a piece of paper.  The paper, a sort of promissory note, could then be traded for goods, and the seller could go to the agent and redeem the note for the strings of coins.  With trade renewed along the Silk Road, this simplified cartage considerably.  These privately-produced promissory notes were still not true paper currency, however. At the beginning of the Song Dynasty (960–1279 CE), the government licensed specific deposit shops where people could leave their coins and receive notes.  In the 1100s, Song authorities decided to take direct control of this system, issuing the worlds first proper, government-produced paper money.  This money was called jiaozi.   Jiaozi under the Song The Song established factories to print paper money with woodblocks, using six colors of ink.  The factories were located in Chengdu, Hangzhou, Huizhou, and Anqi, and each used different fiber mixes in their paper to discourage counterfeiting.  Early notes expired after three years, and could only be used in particular regions of the Song Empire. In 1265, the Song government introduced a truly national currency, printed to a single standard, usable across the empire, and backed by silver or gold.  It was available in denominations between one and one hundred strings of coins.  This currency lasted only nine years, however, because the Song Dynasty tottered, falling to the Mongols in 1279. Mongol Influence The Mongol Yuan Dynasty, founded by Kublai Khan (1215–1294), issued its own form of paper currency called chao; the Mongols brought it to Persia where it was called djaou  or djaw.  The Mongols also showed it to Marco Polo (1254–1324) during his 17-year-long stay in Kublai Khans court, where he was amazed by the idea of government-backed currency.  However, the paper money was not backed by gold or silver.  The short-lived Yuan Dynasty printed increasing amounts of the currency, leading to runaway inflation.  This problem was unresolved when the dynasty collapsed in 1368. Although the succeeding Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) also began by printing unbacked paper money, it suspended the program in 1450.  For much of the Ming era, silver was the currency of choice, including tons of Mexican and Peruvian ingots brought to China by Spanish traders.  Only in the last two, desperate years of Ming rule did the government print paper money, as it attempted to fend off the rebel Li Zicheng and his army.  China did not print paper money again until the 1890s when the Qing Dynasty began producing yuan. Sources Lande, Lawrence, and T. I. M. Congdon. John Law and the Invention of Paper Money. RSA Journal 139.5414 (1991): 916–28. Print.Lui, Francis T. Cagans Hypothesis and the First Nationwide Inflation of Paper Money in World History. Journal of Political Economy 91.6 (1983): 1067–74. Print.Pickering, John. The History of Paper Money in China. Journal of the American Oriental Society 1.2 (1844): 136–42. Print.